Unjust Laws - 1747 Words

Are we morally obliged to obey even unjust laws? Think about what this means. This means that laws, regardless of how unfair, unjust, or immoral they may be, must be followed with no better reason that they are the law. To the thesis that we are obliged to obey even unjust laws, I will argue that the standard objections to Civil Disobedience, given by Singer, are incorrect To begin, however, I believe it is necessary to define an unjust law. According to St. Thomas Aquinas, Any law that uplifts human personality is just. Any law that degrades human personality is unjust. (King, 3) According to Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., An unjust law is a code that a numerical or power majority compels a minority group to obey, but does not make†¦show more content†¦Socrates was agreeing with Dr. Kings stance on Civil Disobedience. Socrates did not do an injustice by disobeying a law. In fact, Socrates did the law the utmost justice. King says, I submit that an individual who breaks a law that conscience tells him is unjust and who willingly accepts the penalty of imprisonment in order to arouse the conscience of the community over its injustice, is in reality expressing the highest respect for the law. (King, 4) Socrates was not exchanging the injustice of escape for the injustice of his death sentence, regardless of what he would suffer. Socrates was showing the utmost respect for the law, while still showing it was wrong. He willingly took the punishment deemed necessary, and effectively made himself a martyr to his cause. King also says, One has not only a legal, but a moral responsibility to obey just laws. Conversely, one has a moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws. It seems I have arrived at the same conclusion King has. It is not only moral, but a moral obligation to disobey unjust laws. In fact, it seems King uses something similar in meaning to Kants Categorical Imperative. Kings quote, as I stated earlier, is, An unjust law is a code that a numerical or power majority group compels a minority group to obey, but does not make binding on itself. (King, 4) Kants Categorical Imperative says, Act only on the maxim through which you could at the same time will that itShow MoreRelatedEssay Just and Unjust Laws: Should the Unjust Laws be Obeyed?751 Words   |  4 PagesOne has not only a legal but a moral responsibility to obey just laws. Conversely, one has a moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws. Martin Luther Kings words, which just correspond with the above assertion, perfectly tell u s what to do in face of laws, either just or unjust. To be sure, modern laws are made to express the general will, a will that aims at the common good. This means that laws in most cases intend to protect every social member’s rights under the principle of justice andRead MoreThe Laws That Are Unjust, They Disobey Essay1454 Words   |  6 PagesIf you have to disobey the laws that are unjust, they disobey Mahatma Gandhi said that when a law is unjust, right is disobedience. Anyway, before adhering or reject the proposal I suggest to consider some important implications in historical context, since without it could happen, for example, that a radical reasoning would lead us to a simplistic resolution: smash everything and return to the old stone, as proposed by the primitivism anarchism. Comically simplistic reasoning could lead to radicalizeRead MoreWhat Does It Take? An Unjust Law?2068 Words   |  9 PagesWhat does it take to change an unjust law? There are plenty of times where a law that has been imposed on society is less than just, or set up by those with a specific agenda to hinder a certain group of people. When confronted with an unjust law, there is only one real means of protest that is effective: To do whatever it takes in other words â€Å"any mean necessary.† Therefore, I believe that Malcolm’s X’s theory is the most appropriate and effective mean b ecause it requires a greater and more focusedRead MoreHenry David Thoreau s Unjust Laws1008 Words   |  5 PagesTo quote Henry David Thoreau, â€Å"Unjust laws exist: shall we be content to obey them, or shall we endeavor to amend them and obey them until we have succeeded, or shall we transgress at once?†(p.p.184) Unfortunately, we have reached an impasse to this noble stance. On one hand, it is indeed right to stand up against unjust laws, but on the other hand, such opposition is no longer possible. Modern society has demonstrated time and time again that injustices are standard, and worse yet, completely acceptableRead MoreSt. Thomas Aquinas s An Unjust Law1433 Words   |  6 Pagesargues that an â€Å"an unjust law is no law at all.† (Aquinas in Dimock, ed., 2002, p.19) However, Aquinas also acknowledges that a human lawgiver may promulgate a command that has the form of law, and is enforced like a law, yet is unjust. This observation leads to the realization t hat these are two inconsistent claims. Yet Aquinas believes that these inconstancies can be reconciled. In Aquinas’ view an unjust law is not a law but yet is also able to be issued as law and imposed as law. Throughout theRead MoreThree Strikes Crime Law: Unjust and Preposterous942 Words   |  4 Pages3 Strikes Crime Law: Unjust and Preposterous Nichole Burton COM/155 November 15, 2012 Brenda Granderson 3 Strikes Crime Law: Unjust and Preposterous The 3 Strikes Crime Law is one of the nation’s harshest sentencing laws. Are you aware that even non-violent criminals are sentenced to life in prison under the 3 Strikes Crime Law? More than 4,000 non-violent criminals are currently serving life in sentence in prison in California alone. (Vega amp; Galloway, 2012). If you take these outrageousRead MoreAccording to Socrates, Should you Obey an Unjust Law?577 Words   |  3 PagesConvicted For Living? Do we have an obligation to obey any law, no matter how unjust or evil, provided only that it is in fact a valid rule of the legal system in which we happen to be physically located? In the following composition, I am going to examine the answer to this question in accordance to what Socrates believes. The best way to understand this almost â€Å"WWSD† (What Would Socrates Do) approach is by looking at Socrates actions in the three Platonic dialogues we have read. These dialoguesRead More Civil Disobedience: Are We Morally Obliged to Obey Unjust Laws? 1913 Words   |  8 PagesAre we morally obliged to obey even unjust laws? This moral question addresses what we commonly know as civil disobedience. In order to properly discuss civil disobedience and whether or not it is moral to disobey laws, we must first characterize civil disobedience. In Peter Singers book, Practical Ethics he begins to characterize civil disobedience as arising from ethical disagreement and raising the question of whether to uphold the law, even if the law protects and sanctions things we holdRead More Civil Disobedience: Are We Morally Obliged to Obey Unjust Laws? 2003 Words   |  9 PagesAre we morally obliged to obey even unjust laws? This question raises the discussion of what we call civil disobedience. Elliot Zashin, author of Civil Disobedience and Democracy, defines civil disobedience as, â€Å"a knowing violation of public norm (considered binding by local authorities but which may ultimately be invalidated by the courts) as a form of protest: it is non-revolutionary, public, and nonviolent (i.e. there is no use of physical violence except self-defensively when participants areRead MoreThe Incarceration Rate And Unjust Laws989 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many issues within the prison system today. For example, the high incarceration rate and unjust laws. Over the year, there have been few changes that have been made to repair these problems in our prison s ystem. There are several things we can do to fix these issues. A major problem within the prison system is the high rate of incarnation. According to â€Å"Facts About The Prison System in the U.S†, sixty-six percent of released convicts will end up back in jail. One reason is that

Self Introduction Free Essays

Self Introduction My name is _________________. Last year, I was graduated from university and obtained a Bachelor Degree in Law. During my study in university, I always obtained good grades. We will write a custom essay sample on Self Introduction or any similar topic only for you Order Now In addition, I also do the Moot Court simulations, interviewing some diplomats, visits the House of Representatives, interviewing the staff of Ministry of Law and Human Rights as the tasks of certain subjects. These tasks had helped me practically. Besides studying, Learning about International Law has always been my excitement, but International Relationship in particular has attracted me. Working in an International Organization, discussing about latest world’s issues and creating a peaceful world are very alluring to me. So that I choose International Law or International Relationship to be my major in Master Degree. I believe many things that I haven’t known will be taught in these fields of study. Because I could not find Master Degree majoring in International Law or International Relationship in Indonesia, so I am motivated to apply to universities at another country outside Indonesia. Moreover, I will get a chance to interact with students from diverse professional and cultural backgrounds drawn from all over the world. The exposure is important for interaction and integration of diverse ideas and perspectives pertaining to various global issues; for the world is a mosaic of different cultures and a single perspective cannot apply in all these cultures. I also have a strong willing to study and to become a person who have a great experience of life. So I am very motivated to apply this scholarship program. I have been waiting for two years to applying this scholarship program since it held. I hope I can get this scholarship and fulfill my dreams to become a diplomat. Through this scholarship program, I am confidence that I will be more independence, reliable, good leader, and responsible for my future life ahead. As all we know that everybody can reach their goals in life as long as they work hardly, focus, and carry out strong effort to chase their dreams. As a proverb says, â€Å"There is a way if you have a will†. How to cite Self Introduction, Papers Self Introduction Free Essays â€Å"Time and tide wait for no man†, this we all know. Hence, having done my schooling in India for 12 years from a very prestigious school I did not want to waste time and I started studying for the aptitude tests which finally helped me land in United States of America. My name is Dhruv Tyagi and I am from India – a country known for diversities. We will write a custom essay sample on Self Introduction or any similar topic only for you Order Now I was born in New Delhi, the capital of India and was brought up in the city of NOIDA. This is where I learnt my mother tongue, Hindi. I was taught Hindi by my mother and this is the time where I developed a passion of learning new languages. By the grace of God I can speak four different languages and I crave to learn more while I am in United States. I was sent to The Cambridge School at a very early age. There my teachers made me capable of who I am today. It was just a weekend trip to a hill station, which developed a liking for mountaineering, trekking and doing adventurous things. I love travelling and knowing different cultures of the world. It was in School that I realized my love for machines and how they work. I remember, I was round 7 at that time, my parents gave me a toy train that used to run on a steam engine and the day I got I had unscrewed each and every part of the engine, just to see how it worked, and my love for Cars and machines wasn’t hidden from anyone. My parents wanted my sister to study BS, but looks like god wanted me to be the first Engineer in Tyagi family, so here I am studying in United States in New York Institute of Technology. I am studying Mechanical Engineering in the University at buffalo and want to work for McLaren Mercedes. A lot of people ask me, Why Mechanical Engineering? I always said, Money, but the truth is, that it’s fun to be between cars and machines’ all the time, to see a car build , to design a car etc. , plus whenever I see a car as fast as McLaren and Ferrari, I get an Adrenaline rush which keeps me going and I get a crave to build a car faster than that one, giving me a new challenge every time. Besides that I like to play soccer and field hockey. Field hockey is one game that flows in my family’s veins. My father and grandfather played hockey at professional level, so I was naturally inclined towards the game. But I was kind of sad to know only girls play hockey in United States. I also like to write poems in my native language and English, In English I have read poets like William Wordsworth, Rabindra Nath Tagore and was really impressed with this genre of this kind of writing. Finally, I would like to do something in life that would uphold my family’s honor and make them proud. Right now my priority is finishing my studies and looking for a good job so that I can go build that fastest car. How to cite Self Introduction, Papers Self Introduction Free Essays Attachment #2 (Self Introduction) * Please type or print clearly within 1 page using black ink. (in Korean or in English) (*10 points) My name is Aprillia Anggasari, a 22 years old engineering bachelor graduate from Indonesia. Since high school, learning science has become my major interest. We will write a custom essay sample on Self Introduction or any similar topic only for you Order Now That is why I choose engineering for my graduate subject to explore my science interest. Since July 2009, I study in Materials and Metallurgical Departement in Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Indonesia. In university, besides studied I also joined several student’s organization to improve my soft skill. I am interested in human resource development in organization. I think the development of human resource is very important to increase the quality of organization. With the high quality of the human resource, the organization will be run well because the member can do their job description well with their best performance. I dream one day I could contribute myself to improve Indonesian human resource development trough education. I want to be a biomaterials lecturer. I choose this field because I am interested in biology and materials engineering especially in medical application. I think this field is unique because we can combine biology science and materials engineering to solve health problem. Besides, the growth of human population and health awareness increase the demand of biomedical properties so that the technology of biomaterials is needed. By studying biomaterials, I hope that I could to be the expert of this field so that I can improve technology of biomaterials to help people and I also could contribute myself in education. I start to study biology since I was in High School and joined several olimpics in biology. Although I never win the olimpics but I still like biology because this subject is interesting for me. After I have graduated from high school, I got the chance to continue my study in materials and metallurgical departement and I found that any subject in this departement called biomaterial where I can use my engineering knowledge in medical application. I was really glad at that time because I found my favourite subject. In the middle of biomaterials class I was offered by my lecturer to join her project and finally I also took biomaterials as my final project. My final project is about Effect of Topography Surface on NiTi Orthodontic Wire Coating on Thermal Properties and Biocompatibility with BHK-21 Fibroblast Cell. In this project I tried to enhance the thermal properties and biocompatibility of orthodontic wire trough surface modification process. Working in biomaterials means working in multidiscipline subject so we have to collaborate not only knowledge but also people and it is very nice thing to do so that I enjoy this project. I really want to continue my study in master program. My supervisor lecturer gives me information that in Korea there is any university that has polymer departement. This departement also has biomaterial subject. This departement is in Pusan National University. After I try to find the information in this university website and also contact the professor, I search for scholarship to study there and finally I find KGSP. I think it is a good chance for me to study in Korea trough this program. This scholarship is great because it can help the student not only fulfill the study fee but also the language course too. It is helpful to make the student easy to communicate with people surround them in Korea. I hope that I can get this scholarship in order I can continue my study in Korea because this country provide high quality education trough numerous qualified institutions. Study in Korea would be a lifetime rewarding experience. I believe the study of biomaterials will provide the opportunity to enhance biomedical technology and help people to keep their health. I hope that I can contribute myself in biomaterials field in my country after I finish my study. In the end, I am looking forward to accept a prestigious opportunity to study in Korea. | | How to cite Self Introduction, Essay examples

Sustainability in Global Hotel Industry

Question: Discuss about the Sustainability in Global Hotel Industry. Answer: Introduction Sustainability reporting practices carried out by hotel institutions potentially contribute in enhancing the level of transparency relating to the reporting practices of the hospitality companies. The sustainable reporting practices of the hospitality firms ideally contribute in addressing the information requirements of the stakeholders regarding the accountability of the hospitality firm towards the general society and also towards the natural environment (Sparks Browning, 2011). Further, the sustainability reporting practices of the hospitality institution also contributes in enhancing the brand image of the firm in the international market. It also encourages greater investments from potential investors regarding development and expansion of the hotel firms (Koutroumanis, 2011). Concept of Sustainability The concept of sustainability can be best understood based on the application of the Triple Bottom Line. The Triple Bottom Line or TBL as a phrase was initially coined by John Elkington during 1994. TBL is formulated through the incorporation of three bottom lines where the first bottom line refers to the evaluation of corporate profit; the second bottom line refers to the corporate social responsibility of the firm while the final or third bottom line relates to the environmental responsibility and activities of the firm. The first bottom line thus indicates the profit and loss account of the firm while the second and third bottom line indicates the people and planet account of the business institution. Incorporation of the TBL rightly helps in evaluating the financial, social and also the environmental performance of a business institution (Ye, Law, Gu, 2011). The concept of TBL is also observed as an extension of the Balanced Scorecard principle used in strategic management. In addition to the normal principle of the Balanced Scorecard the TBL further focuses on evaluating the social and environmental impacts of firms. Incorporation of TBL requires the business organisations to meet additional reporting objectives associated with social and environmental objectives that help in addressing the information needs of the different stakeholders. Reporting practices of the corporate firms through the involvement of TBL requires the business institutions to generate effective reports for addressing the information requirements of diverse stakeholder groups. The same also reflects increased accountability of the firms. Further, the use of TBL also contributes in reflecting the fashion the business institutions employ the scarce and economic resources available in the economy (Ladhari Michaud, 2015). Sustainability in Global Hotel Industry The sustainability activities of the hotel industry are observed to attract potential number of customers to the different hotel institutions. The major hotel institutions and potential hotel chains are observed to reflect increased commitments in addressing the objectives of sustainability. The sustainability objectives of the hotel industry increasingly reflect on reducing the consumption of natural resources, generating of cost savings related to reducing the business and organisational cost and also to enhance the skills and productivity of the hotel staffs pertaining to various departments. It also reflects on increasing the levels of diversity in the organisational workplace and loyalty of employees operating in the different hotel institutions (Surachartkumtonkun, Patterson, McColl-Kenned, 2013). The hotel institutions ideally focuses on meeting the objectives of sustainability in that the same contributes in effectively meeting the productivity and efficiency parameters of the hospitality companies. The meeting of the sustainability objectives by the hotel companies are also observed to increase their difficulty meeting the various business and organisational targets in a productive fashion. The case of the multinational hotel company, Marriot can be effectively evaluated in this regard (Giritlioglu, Jones, Avcikurt, 2014). The focus of the hotel institution in addressing cost savings tends to affect its efficiency and productivity parameters concerning customer satisfaction and also responsible sourcing. Further, Marriots endeavours aimed at cost savings also affect the hotel institutions endeavour to sustain effective relationship with its suppliers (Ulyanchenko Ilkevich, 2014). At an individual level the hotel firms focusing on meeting the sustainability objectives are observed to counter from some significant problems underlined as follows. The hospitality institutions face increasing problems relating to scheduling of staffs, meeting of objectives pertaining to work-life balance and also the generation of skill and knowledge development and training programs for staffs. For large hotel chains like Marriott the need to meet the sustainability objectives related to performance, productivity, efficiency and customer satisfaction contribute in sustaining increased level of brand equity for the hotel chain (Magnus, 2016). Hotel companies branded and non-branded also increasingly tend to differ on their sustainability reporting mechanisms. The absence of effective sustainability reporting protocols and standards reflects stark differences in the reporting practices of both individual hotels and large hotel chains. Individual hotel companies generate sustainability reports through the incorporation of statistical graphs and diagrams for enhancing the reporting quality. The global hotel chains like Marriot, IHG and Wyndham Worldwide largely focus on generating the sustainability reports while complying with global guidelines, standards and protocols. The absence of common sustainability and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) reporting activities for the individual hotels and hotel chains makes it hard for generating any effective comparisons between the performances, efficiencies and productivity of the hotel institutions and also to suggest for any needed improvement. It is also widely observed that the hotel institutions also lack the need for incorporating any external assessor or auditor to certify the sustainability practices and standards followed by them (Ariffin Maghzi, 2012). Only large hotel companies like Wyndham Worldwide are observed to incorporate external assessors like Deloitte and Touche for reviewing only a single dimension of their sustainability reporting initiatives, Statement of Greenhouse Emissions. The lack of incorporation of external auditors and assessors for reviewing the sustainability reports affect the degree of authenticity and reliability of the sustainability reports published by the hotel institutions. The incorporation of external assessors and auditors for reviewing and evaluating the sustainability reports is evaluated to be both a time-taking and expensive activity for hotel companies. The above issue thereby encourages the hotel companies like the medium and small ones to avoid from incorporating external auditors and assessors to review the sustainability reports (Torres, Fu, Lehto, 2014). Further, the branded hotel chains like Marriott and Wyndham Worldwide are also observed to share different takes regarding the identification of relationship between sustainability and business growth. The management of Marriott tends to identify that meeting of the sustainability objectives contributes in supporting business growth while the management of Wyndham Worldwide observes that meeting of sustainability objectives is best met at times of exciting business and organisational growth(Jones, Hillier, Comfort, 2014). Drivers of Sustainability in Hotel Institutions A large number of factors are evaluated to act as potential drivers that encourage the hotel institutions to adopt sustainability measures for enhancing their operational and business standards. The incorporation of the factors driving sustainability in the hotel companies potentially helps them in meeting the objectives of customer satisfaction and also other performance and productivity objectives (Manhas Tukamushaba, 2015). The different motivators are outlined as follows. Cost Savings The hotel companies focus on generating and sustaining effective financial returns and margins from the amount invested. Different types of cost savings measures are being continually undertaken by the hotel companies associated with energy efficiency, savings of water and other scarce resources and also through effective waste management measures. The cost reduction measures undertaken by the hotel firms based on the incorporation of the above steps is taken to help the hospitality institutions in meeting the objectives of financial sustainability (Toh Potapova, 2013). Structuring of Green Buildings Different types of measures underlined as under contribute in encouraging the development of green buildings. The different measures are indicated as follows: Generation of tax credits rendering of cash incentives for certifying the designs and construction activities of green buildings generation of large scale investments for development of novel and improved infrastructures generation of waivers regarding the development fees concerning the construction of green buildings rendering of loans having low interest, execution and review of plans by building authorities rendering of grants and subsidies for encouraging the development of greener buildings generation of permission regarding additional density are identified as both the financial and non-financial incentives for growth and development of greener buildings (Singh, Kushwaha, Patnaik, 2016). Regulatory Affairs Different types of environmental regulations are developed and targeted for enhancing the sustainability potentials of the hotel institutions. They are identified as management of stormwater, handling of hazardous materials and enhancing the health and safety parameters along the environmental paradigm. Further, different regulations and legislations are developed by the government for helping in the generation of effective hotel designs, construction of green buildings and enhancement of hotel operations. The above regulatory affairs potentially contribute in encouraging the development of large number of green buildings and hotels (Ordenes, Burton, Theodoulidis, 2014). Hedging Against Future Rises of Utility Costs The management of hotel institutions in addition to focusing on cost savings and incorporation of other regulatory paradigms need to effectively incorporate efficient equipments and other tactics for utility generation. It helps in hedging the rises for the present utility costs. The above sustainability measure can be effectively employed by hotel institutions in places suffering from the lack of needed infrastructures to generate needed customer satisfaction through reduction of power cuts and also in enhancement of quality and standards of water resources (Gupta, Arif, Richardson, 2014). Development of the Brand Image Hotel institutions around the globe branded and non-branded, individual and chain are observed to increasingly focus on the incorporation of the sustainability parameters in their annual reports for enhancing their brand image in the larger competitive market. The development of a sustainable and environment friendly image potentially contributes in attracting the mindset of young and socially responsive customers. The management of the hotel institutions increasingly focus on earning environmental and sustainable certification programs that in turn help in attracting prospective customers to avail the hospitality facilities generated by the hotel companies (Manhas Tukamushaba, 2015). Enhancing the Level of Guest Experience The incorporation of sustainability measures by the hotel institutions effectively help in generating quality customer servicing experiences to the different guests visiting the hotels for availing needed hospitality services. Use of energy efficient and environment friendly gadgets in the hotels encourage the stay of prospective customers and guests in the hotels. Similarly, other types of sustainability measures can also be undertaken by the hotel institutions related to the development of the internal acoustic environment through the reduction of noises emanating from the running of fans, boilers and also coolers in the hotel premises (Ratanakomut Kitcharoen, 2013). Focusing on Initiatives for Retaining Employees The hotel institutions need to largely focus on both retaining and training employees such that the same helps in generating satisfied and loyal employees aiming to serve the needs of the customers visiting the hospitality firms. The development of satisfied and loyal employees in the hospitality firms rightly contribute in generating enhanced customer or guest satisfaction and also in reducing the growth of employee attrition levels in the hotel institutions. The same helps in reducing the level of manpower cost for the organisation and thus contributes in generating guest or customer service at affordable costs (Ariffin Maghzi, 2012). Attracting Investors The final motivator that requires the hospitality firms for incorporating sustainability initiatives relates to the need for attracting potential investors. The investors focus on generating increased investments to companies that incorporate different types of sustainability programs for both enhancing and sustaining the performance levels. Existence of effective performance and sustainability indicators for the hospitality companies rightly contribute in attracting significant investments for enhancement of the strategic potential of the hospitality firm (Jones, Hillier, Comfort, 2014). Conclusions The analysis carried out in report ideally reflects on the concept of sustainability while also integrating the same with the concept of Triple Bottom Line or TBL applied by business institutions. Further, the paper also highlights on the application of the sustainability concept relating to hotel companies while also indicating the drivers of sustainability reporting carried out by the hospitality institutions. References Ariffin, A. A., Maghzi, A. (2012). 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