Alternative Medicine And Placebo Effect Health And Social Care Essay

Interchange clinical claim to fame is going all the more broadly utilized, especially in the United States health consideration framework and it is proposed that more than 80 % of the universe ‘s populace utilization correlative and substitute clinical strengths ( CAMs ) ( Mainardi, Kapoor and A ; Bielory, 2009 ) . In 2000, a BBC concentrate into the utilization of CAM in the United Kingdom indicated that one fifth of populace had utilized some signifier of CAM in that twelvemonth ( Ernst and A ; White, 2000 ) . Interchange clinical claim to fame takes the signifier of numerous techniques. There are five boss classs of CAM which incorporate ; substitute clinical frameworks, naturally based treatments, manipulative treatments, mind-body hypotheses and vitality treatments ( Mainardi, Kapoor and A ; Bielory, 2009 ) . The most famous treatments in 2000 were osteopathy, chiropractic, stylostixis, homeopathy and hypnotherapy ( Ernst and A ; White, 2000 ) . The term â€Å" fake treatment result † is regularly utilized in the writing, yet a predictable definition is yet to be conceded to ( Brinkhaus, Pach, Ludtke and A ; Willich, 2008 ) . The Latin meaning of the word â€Å" fake treatment † implies â€Å" I will amuse † ( Niggemann, and A ; Gruber, 2006 ) which can be depicted as a positive therapeudic result, occurring after intervention of a physiological or mental reaction ( Williamson and A ; Rankin-Box, 2009 ) , and can be commanded by closes, wants, viewpoints and related feelings ( Teixeira, Guedes, Barreto and A ; Martins, 2010 ) . The fake treatment outcome can be portrayed as a neurophsyiological marvel ( Campbell, 2000 ) , and by taking a gander at various representations of exchange clinical claim to fame, the natural and mental records of the result can be explored.AcupunctureAcupuncture is an old signifier of medicinal services and spotlights on taking care of unwellness through incitement of the natur al structure ‘s self-recuperating powers ( Williamson and A ; Rankin-Box, 2009 ) . Needle therapy depends on antiquated Chinese clinical claim to fame and attempts to equilibrate the vitality stream, â€Å" qi † , in the human natural structure by infixing acerate leafs into explicit focuses on natural structure called â€Å" acupoints † which are situated along â€Å" acmes † , which are the waies of vitality in the natural structure ( Goddard, Shen, Steele and A ; Springer, 2005 ) . The impacts of stylostixis on harming can follow in physiological and additionally mental reactions of the natural structure, however grounds recommends there are organic establishments in this treatment ( Lundeberg, and A ; Stener-Victorin, 2002 ) . By taking a gander at reason for articulations from a natural and mental position, one can talk the utilization of the fake treatment outcome in this kind of exchange clinical claim to fame. Natural Position Surveies using antielectron transmission imaging ( PET ) and practical attractive reverberation creative mind ( utilitarian attractive reverberation imaging ) have exhibited some natural justification for the use of stylostixis, recommending that there is a whole other world to the treatment than only a therapeudic result ( Teixeira et al. , 2010 ) . This can be clarified by the initiation of certain encephalon nations in the cardinal sensory system ( Goddard et al. , 2005 ) . With the utilization of useful attractive reverberation imaging and PET outputs, there is grounds that when explicit focuses on the natural structure are exposed to needle therapy, there is initiation in explicit pieces of the encephalon. This permits one to recognize existent stylostixis and standpoint ( Lewith, White and A ; Pariente, 2005 ) , demoing that stylostixis holds a natural record. The limbic framework may other than be associated with the enthusiastic creation of chuckling and yelling which is regular in stylostixis ( Campbell, 2000 ) . Proof demoing that there is inactivation of the amygdaloid core and nerve center during stylostixis, infers that there is a particular capacity for the limbic framework in stylostixis treatment ( Hui, Marina, Liu, Rosen and A ; Kwong, 2010 ) . Hui et Al. ‘s ( 2010 ) work underpins the organic establishments in the use of stylostixis, however close to perceives the of import capacity of feeling in the treatment, which would gracefully justification for the utilization of the fake treatment result. Lundeberg and Stener-Victorin ( 2002 ) accentuation the significance of natural derivations in impacts of stylostixis. They depict how the physiological incitements of musculus constrictions and certain organ maps are like impacts of working out, for example the arrival of endogenous opiods and Pitocin in both stylostixis and practicing ( Lundeberg, and A ; Stener-Victorin, 2002 ) . Lundeberg ‘s prior overview with Andersson ( 1995 ) other than found that stylostixis energizes similar receptors and afferent nervus strands in the mixed tissue as in physical practicing ( Andersson and A ; Lundeberg, 1995 ) . Mental Position Needle therapy depends on the natural structure ‘s self-mending powers ( Williamson and A ; Rankin-Box, 2009 ) , so there is ground to reason whether stylostixis impacts are just a mental ( fake treatment ) reaction with little organic record ( Enck, Klosterhalfen and A ; Zipfel, 2010 ) . Goddard et Al. ( 2005 ) delineate how the fake treatment result is used in treatment, non just by the esthesis of the needle, however mainly the joining in, humane consideration, mindfulness and change of viewpoints associated with the procedure ( Goddard et al. , 2005 ) . Desire is a cardinal aspect of non solitary stylostixis, yet numerous different sorts of substitute clinical claim to fame. Astin et Al. ( 1998 ) led a reappraisal into why individuals use CAM and found that the main grounds were ; the patient ‘s lack of reaction to customary intercession, the patient ‘s request, faith in adequacy and less foreboding impacts ( Astin, Marie, Pelletier, Hansen, and A ; Haskell, 1998 ) . It is the conviction and viewpoint of using substitute clinical claims to fame which exhibits justification for the fake treatment outcome, and it is the individuals with high standpoints about the impacts of stylostixis who show more reaction than the individuals who do non have confidence in the mediation ( Teixeira et al. , 2010 ) . This mental factor is of import in stylostixis as the effectivity of the intercession and recreating the normal progression of basic vitality ( Hui et al. , 2010 ) includes in essence centripetal incitement ( Andersson and A ; Lundberg, 1995 ) and if the patient does non have faith in the system, they will non experience similar impacts ( Goddard e t al. , 2005 ) . Different aspects of the treatment include the joining in and collaboration between the patient and healer. A reappraisal into the expanded use of CAM in the UK demonstrated that one of the components constraining patients off from ordinary health consideration is the disappointment of the patient-specialist relationship, which draws in individuals to a progressively all encompassing strategy where the mediation was increasingly individualized ( Little, 2009 ) for example in interchange clinical forte. The individualized, manual examination organizations expanded imparting between the patient and healer and this cultural conveying can be in the signifier of touch. The mental significance of touch plays a cardinal capacity in stylostixis and the patient ‘s experience results in sentiments of developed mental self view, expanded self-esteem and prosperity. These positive emotions are what patients base their convictions about the effectivity of stylostixis on and accept their natural structure is patching ( Campbell, 2000 ) . This shows how exchange clinical claim to fame uses the fake treatment result where it is the patient ‘s conviction that has the best effect on the effectiveness of the treatment. The feeling associated with substitute clinical claim to fame plays a capacity in the outcome, and results show that when patients do their ain stylostixis in the wake of being shown the procedure, they report that their ain endeavors are less effective than when the healer gives the consideration ( Campbell, 2000 ) . This shows again the significance of mental elements which gives grounds to the use of the fake treatment consequence.HomeopathyHomeopathy falls under the other clinical frameworks class of interchange clinical forte ( Mainardi, Kapoor and A ; Bielory, 2009 ) and can be characterized as â€Å" a remedial technique using readyings of substances whose impacts when directed to solid points compare to the utilization of the resentful ( indications, clinical imprints, obsessive regions ) in the single patient † ( Swayne, 2002, refered to in Ernst, 2005 ) . It is a generally utilized sort of exchange clinical claim to fame and utilizations the fundamental premiss that â€Å" like is restored by like † ( Shang et al. , 2005 ) . Homeopathic clinical claim to fame is utilized to energize an individual ‘s intrinsic limit with respect to self-guideline and self-recuperating ( Weatherley-Jones, Thompson and A ; Thomas, 2004 ) . By inquiring about the organic and mental grounds, one can comprehend the utilization of the fake treatment result in this sort of interchange clinical claim to fame. Organic Position Homeopathic clinical claim to fame can be utilized to administer inside variances by means of centripetal criticism through splanchnic or real perceptual experience, and patients decipher their sentiments as positive or progressively negative passionate emotions ( Teixeira et al. , 2010 ) . This shows support for the natural situation for using interchange clinical strength, where patients translate how their interior natural structure territory feels, which results in the mending system. Thompson ( 2010 ) investigated the use of exchange clinical claim to fame in menopausal grown-up females and chest dangerous neoplastic malady subsisters, and gives grounds that uncovers a relationship between intercession of homeopathic clinical strength and advancement of side effects and personal satisfaction for the patients ( Thompson, 2010 ) . Thompson di

World War II Pacific Campaign Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

World War II Pacific Campaign - Essay Example The resultant impact of any war might be certain or negative contingent upon the genuine causes and the principle reasons with respect to the breakout. Beneficial outcomes of wars happen if before the finish of the particular war, the member grasps tranquility on the record of dreading each others’ quality and war abilities. Here and there the finish of the given war may demonstrate favoring second for the specific members particularly after accomplishing financial security got from expanded creation exercises and deals of war types of gear to different members. The negative impacts of any war include the enormous loss of lives of the troopers partaking in the given war. Economy of a portion of the taking an interest gatherings may likewise wind up smashing destroyed, in this way denoting the mistake of financial battle. World War II was one of the brilliant kinds of war having been battled over all the six world’s landmasses. The explanations behind the episode of this war identified with the Global financial downturn that started in 1922, and shook the world’s solidarity and trust1. The aftereffect of the deceitful among countries particularly in Europe was the battle for monetary and military dominancy over the locale and world as a rule. Following the monstrous annihilation saw, neighborly countries over the world started to start unions that would empower them battle the regular aggressors and achieve harmony. Accomplishing this harmony took an extremely long procedure that saw expanded decimation of properties and lives of the clashing partnerships. Be that as it may, after the long battle and huge decimation, the world at long last accomplished the since a long time ago kept going harmony, yet abandoning scars that have never vanished to date. One party rule characterized the benchmark of intensity association over the world upon the beginning of the World War II. The soul of totalitarianism initially happened in Italy in 1920, when nation was under the standard of Benito Mussolini. This antidemocratic soul at that point spread to Germany as grasped by Adolf Hitler, Spain as embraced by Francisco Franco and Japan under Hideki Tojo. Remaining nations significant nations like Britain, France, and Russia and by expansion USA restricted extremism. 2The soul of one party rule saw nations like Italy and Germany breaking the at first marked Versailles Treaty proposed to confine colonialism of the gatherings. Japan additionally being under the military guideline, intended to expand its region across China and somewhere else on the planet to unite land for its modern crude materials and market. 3These journeys for power saw the world into the WW II, with Germany shaking Europe with extraordinary war power. Japan additionally kept on getting through China and a few pieces of Europe while simultaneously executing and tormenting guiltless residents. Because of this quarrel in Europe and want to reestablish harmony, the Sov iet Union agreed with Communists nations in Europe, Britain, France and USA to shape the Popular Front. The gathering for the most part involved individuals who denounced one party rule and its belongings in Europe and world when all is said in done. The Popular Front anyway unearthed the official initiation of World War II, when France and Britain assaulted Germany with USA pulling back to take an impartial position. In 1940, USA would in general kindness and side with Britain subsequent to marking agreement that would permit USA offer military help and supplies to Britain. In 1941 after the US Presidential races, Presidential choose Roosevelt detected peril to the US security reserved by expanding assault on Britain. Therefore, he founded the Lend-Lease Act that would see USA give direct help to Britain4. Subsequent to confronting extreme assaults from Germany, Soviet Union (Russia) likewise looked for consideration in the Lend-Lease Act

Mistakes

Mistakes My lack of blogging this semester is largely a reflection of how this semester has been going. Its been incredibly busy, almost to the point to which Ive just forgotten whats important to me. This blog is about the mistakes I made this semester, largely losing sight about what I actually wanted for myself. I think one thing that gets underestimated here is the pressures that we put on ourselves. Each of us here has high expectations for ourselves. We dont look at each other competitively- Ive honestly never felt the need to out do anyone here- but rather we fall into the temptation of evaluating ourselves based on what others are doing. Ive never felt this more than I did this semester. Over the summer, I contemplated a lot of things about where I wanted to be. I knew I wanted to go into Mechanical Engineering. But I didnt know if I wanted to do more than that. Many of my friends were considering minoring, or even double majoring, and I figured I might as well try too. Since I knew Id love to work in the biomedical field at some point (yay biomedical robots), I decided that I wanted to try and do a minor in course 20. I figured Id start that by taking 5.12 (Organic Chemistry) this semester. Mistake. Taking organic chemistry was honestly one of the worst decisions Ive made since Ive been here. The professor was great, but I honestly hated the class. The material was as unappetizing to me as chopped liver. I didnt like learning the material, and I couldnt see myself ever using it again. It was a very slippery slope to go down. Every week, Id spend 5 hours in lecture/recitation and at least another 8 doing all the readings, notes, and the psets. I quickly became really unhappy with the work, but figured Id at least try and stick it out. I just wouldnt let myself drop it. I rationalized it by making myself feel bad about taking the wrong class (I figured I wasted the class slot this semester) and saying that Id already put so much time and effort into it that it wasnt worth dropping the class, especially since I was actually doing decently well in the class. But studying for the tests was honestly the worst experience for me. I stressed so much about remembering all the material, that I just couldnt focus. I broke down a couple times and ended up talking with my parents on the phone for half hours at a time, explaining how I just felt incompetent and inadequate. Then Id take the test, do okay, and then the cycle would start again. The week before the last test, I realized I hadnt eaten in the dining hall for a couple days becasue I kept taking food out since I was too busy to spend time in the dining hall. I made the mistake of neglecting to take care of myself by taking time for myself, and ignored the warning signs that something wasnt right in my life. But the impending drop date forced me to really reflect on my life. Today, I finally made the right decision and decided to drop my organic chemistry class. The stress and energy that the class was causing me was too much to handle. I was forcing myself to do something that I didnt love and that I really didnt need to take. (I know there will be classes that I wont love in the future in my major. But at least I would know that there was some point to taking them in the larger picture.) I think my last mistake was letting myself be influenced too much by what other friends were doing. I felt pressured to try and minor in something, when I really didnt need to. Im glad that I took the opportunity this semester to try something new, but I just dont think it was the right thing for me to do in the end. I forgot what I was really interested in, which is honestly just building cool things and having a lot of fun doing it. One of my close high school friends ended his graduation speech by reminding us to  just do you. I need to remember to be me more often. I need to do what I love. Spend time with friends. Call back home more often. Paint. Sketch. Tinker. Take photographs. Bake. Blog. I need to commit my energy to the things that matter to me. I need to prioritize my happiness. (Its really the only way to make it here.) Nothing speaks better to the Holstee Manifesto.  amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;br /amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;br /amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; Life is short. Live your dream, and share your passion.

My First Day Of My Birthday - 1250 Words

Thinking back on an event or a day that I would entitle the best day of my life was more of a challenge because to me I feel I had so many, but there was this one day that kept haunting my brain, not letting me suppress it. The memory of my 16th birthday. Now I know you may wonder why I choose this particular day to be my top choice out my 17 years of life, but it was just something about this time that makes it different than any other ordinary day. It all started early morning on the twenty-sixth day of May 2016, when my mom came into my room and sung to me the â€Å"black version† of the birthday song. After, listening and laughing at her belt out her high notes for a song that is primarily sung in a low to medium†¦show more content†¦As I was observing my new phone, my eyes started to become full of tears of joy, because I was asking for this gift for the longest but she would never budge to buy it for me, not knowing she was just waiting for the perfect time to give to me. At this point my day could not get any better than this. Still yet, her work wasn’t done! She rushed me out of the house and drove two hours and 32 minutes to be exact towards our destination, Myrtle Beach. On our ride there we did your normal car dues such as karaoke where we would assign each other’s parts to sing, we even took pleasure at laughing at people’s facial expressions as they passed by. There wa s also a point when we participated in a stoplight race, which by the way was 100 percent safe, because we just wanted to see whose car had the fastest takeoff. Now that we were just an hour away from where we were going we stopped at a little corner store on the edge of Tuberville to gas up and buy some snacks since we were getting hungry. As I was walking towards the store with $30.00 in hand, I saw a little glare from the ground. Nearing the suspicious flash, I bent down and right beside the broken glass was $200.00Show MoreRelatedPre Teen Favorite Day Is My First Birthday Because You re Finally A Teenager997 Words   |  4 PagesEvery pre-teen favorite day is their 13th birthday because you’re finally a teenager. My 13th birthday was on September 11th 2010, but who knew just7 days later September 18th 2010 was going to be the day that changed my life significantly. Growing up an only child with a single mother you can image I was a little spoiled. My mother and father got divorced when I was between the ages of 3-4 years old.my father stayed in Pensacola, Florida but after the divorce my mother and I moved to Atlanta Ge orgiaRead MoreThe Birthday I ll Never Forget916 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å" The Birthday I’ll Never Forget† I remember the time on my birthday when I thought I wasn’t going to have a great birthday. Which was no surprise to me because I was use to being disappointed on this day. But this time, I was hoping for change last thing I need is another depressing year. I didn’t want to ask for much because I’m in a different state which is in Virginia when all my friends and most my family are back at home in Tennessee. I just wanted it to be different this time, I just wantRead MoreMy Personal Experience1153 Words   |  5 Pagescompared to my peers. I understood that a low-income, minority I needed to work hard to achieve my goals. One experience that shaped my life happened this past year. It was the day My family and I were being evicted from our home a couple of days before my birthday and right before the holiday season. This made me stronger, but it also changed something inside me. I learned that life isnt a game and that I should be grateful for what I have, because one day I could lose it all. A couple of days beforeRead MoreDescriptive Essay About My Seventeenth Birthday1150 Words   |  5 PagesDecember may sound, I am eager to finally leave my life in Los Angles for a while. Things get really crazy around here in December; with preparations for Christmas, and not to mention my birthday coming up on the twenty-first. Since we are traveling the day before my seventeenth birthday I am going to miss all the birthday celebrations, which I am thrilled about. I’ve always hated my birthday because December just isn’t the ideal month for birthdays. It’s too cold to do anything worth having fun andRead MoreFamily Traditions For Dysfunctional Families Essay860 Words   |  4 PagesBillion families. Which means there has to be at least 1 Billion family traditions. Family traditions can be many different things but my family traditions all can relate back to dysfunctionalism. There are more dysfunctional families in the united states than normal families. More than 50% of happiness comes from dysfunctional families and still, the celebrate Birthdays, Religious Holidays and Casual Holidays . Can you imagine Holidays being the root of our happiness. What is a dysfunctional familyRead MoreNarrative Essay About My Birthday1279 Words   |  6 PagesFor most, the celebratory ‘birthday’ is a word reserved for only the most prestigious of occasions; One’s own coming-in to the world. An event so special only close family and friends would be welcome. To me, a birthday is little more than a chronically long twenty-four hours of unwanted attention, dramaticized even more so by an internal pressure to seem happy the whole while. To select a single detail of one’s life which could be so egregious as to effect them so deeply in this manner is not easy;Read MoreEssay on Quinceanera607 Words   |  3 Pagesof a young girl turning fifteen on her birthday and making a transition from child to adult. 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There was a cake, but for the one time in the historyRead MoreHappy Birthday Speech Essay943 Words   |  4 Pagesalone? Can you imagine if all of your exes were texting you ‘Happy Birthday’? Wouldn’t that be creepy? And now, to take one step further, let’s not forget that our calendars are full of other important dates – Christmas, New Year, Valentine’s Day, Thanksgiving†¦ Should you send them your ‘best wishes’ on these days too? To wish or not to wish is a highly ‘circumstantional’ question, and before we move forward let me ask you this first: WHY IS IT SO IMPORTANT TO YOU? What do you expect to gain? And hereRead MoreBirthday Gift Essay848 Words   |  4 Pages On the day of my birthday, my family took me out to dinner. We went out to Olive Garden my favorite place to dine. We got seated and waited for our food to get served. As we were waiting my mom told me that after the dinner her and my dad had a gift for me. I was super excited I ate my favorite dish of the meal and we were having a nice family dinner. A few moments after we were finished eating, I heard people singing happy birthday and as I turned I saw candles and ice cream coming my way. They

A Study On Addiction As A Learned Behavior - 879 Words

This chapter focused on addiction as a learned behaviour. The two major theories discussed, where learning theory and social learning theory. Learning theory focuses on behaviour that is learned through either reinforcements or punishments. Social learning theory expands on the former theory, by taking into account the effects a person has on their environment and not only the environmental effects on a person. An important concept for learning theory is operant conditioning. According to this, the likelihood of a behaviour being expressed again is influenced by punishment or reinforcement. Positive reinforcements are things that act as rewards for certain behaviours and increase the likelihood of the behaviours being performed again. Negative reinforcements take away an unpleasant stimulus and through this again increase the likelihood of a behaviour being repeated. An example of this is withdrawal. Withdrawal is unpleasant and the consumption of the drug that caused the withdrawal leads to the withdrawal symptoms disappearing. Therefore, reinforcing the consumption of the drug. While punishments typically decrease the likelihood of a behaviour occurring, in cases of addiction the punishment often happens a long time after the behaviour, leading people to not make the immediate connection between the behaviour and punishment, and therefore punishment loses its effectiveness (Moss Dyer, 20 10). Another important part of learning theory is classical conditioning. DuringShow MoreRelatedPhobias1174 Words   |  5 PagesAND ADDICTIONS Phobias and Addictions PSY/300 Abstract This essay examines phobias and addictions, how phobias can be developed through operant conditioning and how addictions can be developed through operant conditioning. This essay also examines the distinctions between classical and operant condition and examines â€Å"extinction† as it relates to psychological theory and how extinction is achieved in classical and operant conditioning. Phobias and Addictions Read MoreAversion Therapy Essays663 Words   |  3 Pagesclassical conditioning; using classical conditioning to get rid of addictions or unwanted behaviours. Patient’s unwanted addiction is paired with a drug that makes them sick. â€Å"Aversion therapy can be used with alcoholics. Alcohol is paired with an emetic drug (a drug which causes nausea and vomiting). Over time the alcoholic associate’s alcohol with being sick and does not want to drink alcohol anymore (Dufresne, 2010).† The Little Albert study showed that classical conditioning principles can be usedRead MoreFactors Influencing the Prevelence of Addiction Essay1275 Words   |  6 Pages Addiction Everyday we see and hear news articles and reviews that say: â€Å"I cannot put down Twilight†¦ it’s addicting!† or â€Å"I’m a Breaking Bad addict!† The way the term addiction is used in the media these days, many would overlook its actual significance and the trouble it causes for millions across the globe. Recently, many individuals have referred to addiction as anything that is a compulsive need or habit-forming, which could involve everything from substances, like nicotine or alcohol, toRead MoreContemporary Approaches Of Psychology And How They Interpret Drug Use897 Words   |  4 Pagesinterpret the behavior of individuals. Each perspective makes certain assumptions about human behavior. For this analysis we will review the behavioral and sociocultural approaches in psychology and compare how they interpret drug use. THe Behavioral perspective believes that our behavior is the result of the environment we are in. Behaviorists believe that psychologists should rely on the stimuli in the environment and our response to the stimuli. There perspective was that our behaviors are the resultRead MoreIntervention Studies on Forgiveness Journal Article 1 Essay example1190 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Intervention Studies on Forgiveness Daulphinia Glover Liberty University Summary In the journal article titled â€Å"Intervention Studies on Forgiveness† by Thomas W. Baskin and Robert D. Enright is a meta-analysis study on interventions that are conducted to determine if the interventions that are being utilized are effective when it comes to forgiveness. In the early case studies it was â€Å"suggested that forgiveness might be helpful for people who have experienced deepRead MoreSubstance Of Substance Abuse Among Teenagers1362 Words   |  6 PagesABUSE AMONGST TEENAGERS Abstract Addictive behavior may lead to addiction and when we see people with addictive substances; sometimes it is easy to emulate that behavior. According to learning theory, addictions is basically a learned behavior. For example, people learn many of their addictive behaviors through what is called classical conditioning. Furthermore, people always pair up environmental cues with addictive substances. Fortunately, many addictions can be â€Å"unlearned† and we can do this byRead MoreComputer Addiction1293 Words   |  6 PagesComputer addiction   A disorder in which the individual turns to the Internet or plays computer games in an attempt to change moods, overcome anxiety, deal with  depression, reduce isolation or loneliness, or distract themselves from overwhelming problems. The elderly, as well as children and adolescents, are particularly vulnerable because they may not realize the extent of their dependency. In many instances, individuals with computer addiction may seek help for another condition, suchRead MoreThe Effects Of Heroin On A Pregnant Women999 Words   |  4 Pagespregnant women is two fold it was noted in this study that that use of heroin decreased from the first trimester until three months after the birth of their baby as demonstrated by this graph. Figure 1. Reductions in heroin and crack use during and after most recent pregnancy. Best, D., Segal, J., Day, E., ( 2009), Changing patterns of heroin and crack use during pregnancy and beyond. Journal Of Substance Use, 14(2), 124-132 9p. Another study that showed a positive result that occurred whenRead MoreBenefits Of Self Efficacy High While Recovery From An Addiction1479 Words   |  6 PagesThis is why it is important that people keep their self-efficacy high while recovery from an addiction. Commitment to abstinence, a motivational construct, is a strong predictor of reductions in drug and alcohol use. Level of commitment to abstinence at treatment end predicts sustained abstinence, a requirement for recovery ( Laudet, A. B., Stanick). Abstinence is the best way to avoid drug addiction. According to Hart Ksir, a person who understands all this information about all these drugsRead MoreNegative Impact Of Postpartum Depression1413 Words   |  6 PagesThe Negative Impact of Postpartum Depression on Child Abuse Introduction: This psychological and behavioral study will analyze the impact of postpartum depression on women and the problem of child abuse related to this condition. Case studies find the circumstances of postpartum depression in women is directly related to the issue of previous child abuse and PTSD that have a negative impact on the newborn child. These factors define a significant correlation with postpartum depression in 1 out

Misconception of Religion Free Essays

Ryan Wood Alicia Alexander Eng. 131 2, November 2010 Misconception of Religion in â€Å"The Gospel According to Mark† and â€Å"A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings. † In the two short stories both authors, Jorge Luis Borges in â€Å"The Gospel According to Mark† and Gabriel Garcia Marquez in â€Å"A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings† use religion as examples on how different individuals use and believe in it. We will write a custom essay sample on Misconception of Religion or any similar topic only for you Order Now As we read the story’s we will see how religion is sometimes misconceived and misinterpreted by people so they can benefit in their own personal lives, and personal well-being.In the stories both characters are seemed to be looked at as maybe something they are not. This will lead us to the misconception and misunderstanding that people have on religion and beliefs. In the short story â€Å"The Gospel According to Mark† the main character Baltasar Espinosa is seemed to be looked at like a God by a family that does not know much about religion or the Bible. The Gutres are a small family that seems to be looking for a religious figure they can believe in since they do not understand religious beliefs. In â€Å"A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings† Pelayo and his wife Elisenda find an old man with wings in front of their house.They believe he could be an angel and decide to lock him inside a chicken coup. They believe he could be there for their sick child but at first there not quite sure. As the two stories evolve we will see how both families use Baltasar Espinosa, and the Old Man to gain advantages in their own lives. In Marquez story, â€Å"A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings† we see an example of how Elisenda starts using the Old Man to reap personal benefits. The narrator says, â€Å"Elisenda, her spine all twisted from sweeping up so much marketplace trash, then got the idea of fencing in the yard and charging five cents admission to see the angel† (354).As we read Borges story, â€Å"The Gospel According to Mark† the narrator says, â€Å"The next day began like all the others, except that the father spoke to Espinosa to ask whether Christ had allowed himself to be killed in order to save all mankind† (347). Later we find out that the family decides to crucify Espinosa because they might believe him to be a spiritual character and it could benefit the family in some way. They also find out that something has happened between Espinosa and the daughter. In both stories there seems to be a religious character there to help both families in some sort of way.In â€Å"The Gospel According to Mark† the family seems like they take to Espinosa and follow him and learn from him. Where in â€Å"A Very Old Man with Enor mous Wings† the family is not sure of him and decides not to take the Old Man in and learn his reasons for being there. â€Å"Pelayo watched over him all afternoon from the kitchen, armed with his bailiff’s club, and before going to bed he dragged him out of the mud and locked him up with the hens in the wire chicken coop† (353). Instead of trying to figure out why he was there, they were more afraid of him and worried about what he could be.In Borges story, â€Å"The Gospel according to Mark† the narrator says, â€Å"The move brought Espinosa and the Gutres closer, and they began to eat together in the large dining room† (345). As both stories evolve we see some contrast in the two families even though religion is a constant topic. Both stories have similar meaning to them, but both authors use religion and religious beliefs in different ways. As the two stories come to an end we see that both families lose their perception on what they were focusing on throughout the stories.In â€Å"A Gospel According to Mark† the family decides to kill the religious figure that has been teaching them the Gospel. This has irony because the Bible strictly talks about death and murder, even though the family seems upset about what Espinosa has done to the daughter. The narrator says, â€Å"There was no roof on the shed; they had torn down the roof beams to build the Cross† (348). In â€Å"A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings† Elisenda is relieved more than happy when she sees the Old Man fly away.This has irony as well because they used him to make money and benefit in their own life. After they used him, she feels happy that he is gone and is no longer a nuisance. The narrator states, â€Å"Elisenda let out a sigh of relief, for herself and him, when she saw him pass over the last houses, holding himself up in some way with the risky flapping of a senile vulture† (357). The conclusion to the stories is religion can be used positively or negatively depending on who the person is and what their intentions are. How to cite Misconception of Religion, Papers

Work Law Policies

Introduction Industrial relations and work policies are crucial factors of economic growth and development for a capitalist nation. Australia, being a capitalist nation, is one of the developed countries that have been in labour crisis for a long time. The involved stakeholders have been striving to unveil the best work policies and industrial relations that would bring a lasting solution to the citizens.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Work Law Policies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Unfortunately, the political regimes have ascended into power by using these mysteries as stepping stones, whereby, the ruling government fails to deliver the best policies, thus giving a clear path for the opposition who seem to have what the citizens have yearned for a long time. In 2007, the Rudd-led opposition party had a renowned mantra for campaigning in the federal election of Australia. There was a heated debate i n the entire nation concerning the existing industrial relations and working policies that were seen to have deprived employees of their rights, and had been introduced by the Howard’s ruling government. The public was tried of the working policies and industrial relations and it felt inferior to the government and employers who denied them labour rights as required by the international labour rights. According to the international industrial relations organisation, the work policies and industrial relations must adhere to three factors, which include efficiency, equity, and voice (Wooden â€Å"Industrial Relations Reform† 244). Looking into these factors; firstly, the efficiency of a policy is determined by factors that include streamlined enforcement of regulations, reasonable employees’ benefits, and effective training programs. Secondly, the ability of a policy to enhance equity is determined by its ability to advocate for the rights of employees in relation to living wages and salaries, safety at the workplaces, health insurance, non-discrimination policies, discipline and dismissal policies, and work to family balancing. Finally, the ability of a policy to promote the voice of employees is determined by its position to allow employees to join labour unions at will, participate in the decision-making processes, and enjoy the freedom to air their grievances without the fear of victimisation. These factors form the basis for judging the validity and efficiency of such policies in a country.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This paper compares and contrasts the â€Å"Forward with Fairness† (2005) with â€Å"Work Choices: A New Workplace Relations System† (2005) with regard to their adherence to efficiency, equity, and voice. However, it is important to note that the Forward and Fairness policy was introduced as a political agenda aimed at counteracting the Work Choices and thus it seems more efficient though it could not have been implemented without hitches that are discussed in this paper. Work Choices: A New Workplace Relations System In 2005, John Howard, the then Australian Prime minister, together with his political affiliates argued that Work Choices was a modernised and simplified method of regulating work and industrial relations in Australia. Howard’s Work Choices received criticisms that were beyond reasonable doubts, since the majority of Australians felt the need to have workplaces that guaranteed fairness and freedom to employees. The government had failed to ensure that employees had such rights at the workplaces, and the citizens were longing for a change of government in the next federal election (Rudd and Gillard 20). In 2005, the Australians were in full support of the implementation of the Work Choices for it promised better working conditions and hence impro ved living standards. However, this anticipation did not materialise due to various factors that lied in the relations between the government and employers. The government could not have implemented the policies because of the lobby activists that operated from within and the great influence of employers in the economic growth and development of the country. Hence, the problem was in the poor leadership that considered the interests of a few and ignored the needs of the vast majority. Looking into the components of the Work Choices, the first was â€Å"New protections of minimum wages and conditions† (Wooden â€Å"Implications of Work Choices† 108). Howard and his affiliates promised to look into the needs of Australian employees in relation to protection and wages at the work place (Kramp 52).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Work Law Policies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This clause w as supposed to be implemented by setting up an independent body to look into the employees’ wages and salaries in an effort to promote their living standards. The independent body was supposed to set up policies that defined the minimum wages that could be given to different qualification standards in the country (Lye and McDonald 34). Secondly, it was supposed to set up standards for safety net, through which the government would set the minimum set of conditions for employment. Those conditions included maximum working hours in a day for an employee, the right to have an annual leave and its minimum duration, and the right to have a personal leave based on personal affairs such as sickness and parental care leave. Those minimum conditions were passed into law and were implemented by the Fair Pay Commission. The commission noted that all labour agreements concerning the salaries and wages between the employer and the employee should meet those minimum conditions. In addition , Work Choices stipulated that the maximum number of working hours in a week should not exceed thirty-eight, in excess of which overtime pay must be offered as per the number of excess hours. Concerning the annual leave, the employee has a right to have a payable annual leave of at least four weeks and five weeks for shift workers. However, the Fair Pay Commission noted that an employee has a right to cash out a leave and the employer had no right under the law to force an employee to do so or to refuse to do so if the employer wishes. Concerning the personal leave, an employee has at least ten days of paid personal leave in twelve months that is cumulative, but a compulsory compassionate leave of two days to care for the ill and attending funerals of the loved ones. If the compassionate leave occurs after exhausting the twelve days of both compassionate and personal leave, an employee may be given an additional two unpaid days in the case of an emergency leave. In the case of a par ental leave, an employee has a right to take up to fifty-two days of unpaid leave in the case of birth or adopting a child, but both parents cannot take leave exceeding one week in the case of birth or else three weeks for adopting a child. In the case of casual employees, an eligible employee for this policy should have served for at least twelve months continuously under one employer.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition to the first component of the Work Choices, it also offered for ‘The Protection against Unlawful Termination’ from a workplace. Work Choices promised Australians that it would continue to protect employees against unlawful termination from their working places regardless of the size of businesses where they are employed. However, there were definitions of unlawful termination and according to Work Choice; unlawful termination is the dismissal of an employee from the workplace because of temporary absenteeism at workplace duet o injuries or illness, or willingness to join a trade union. Others include acting on behalf of other employees like in the case of airing their grievances, participating in proceedings that would tarnish the image of an employer, dismissal based on gender, race, disability, or any other form of discrimination, and refusal to negotiate with an employer. In the case of unlawful dismissal, the Work Choices stipulated that employees were e ligible to a compensation of at least $4000. Looking, into the above first component of the Work Choices, it emphasised on all the three factors that a good working policy must adhere to, which include efficiency, equity, and voice. The second influential policy for the Work Choice was the ‘Awards’. The policy stipulated that workers would remain eligible to their awards regardless of their coverage by workplace agreements. In addition, it defined the awarding conditions of an employee under which an employee is fully eligible to receive the award from the employer. Those conditions included long service leaves such as annual and parental leaves, but other conditions that had been included in other jurisdictions were removed and they included superannuation, notice on termination of employment, and jury service. However, under the awards, there were some removable elements from the awarding offer and they included traineeships, independent contractors, and labour hired workers for they served under temporary labour agreements. By considering the above policies of Work Choices, Australians were anxious of attaining a simpler and fairer labour system that would have boosted their living standards. Howard and his affiliates promised to protect the rights of both the employer and the employee by introducing an office of the workplace rights, which would have the mandate of ensuring that the protection of the two parties is guaranteed. This office would also ensure that both the employee and the employer meet their obligations and impose penalties on the offender in the case of breaches of the agreement (Watson 169). In addition, Howard promised that the office of work choices would ensure that both the employees and employers know their rights by offering civic education. However, the new policy would not interfere with the role of the existing Australian Industrial Relations Commission that deals with dispute resolutions at the work place. Work Choic es was believed to concentrate on introducing mechanisms that would boost cooperation between employees and their employers. In so doing, there had to be a transitional stage that is often filled with reluctance and disputes, but it left the issues of dispute resolutions amongst the employees and their employers. This gap could have resulted to minor conflicts that are easily solvable ending up in the industrial courts due to lack of undefined dispute resolution mechanism, which would pose great risks to the employees serving under unfaithful employers. Forward and Fairness Interestingly, forward and fairness is an improvement of Work Choice resulting from the gaps that were left in the drafting and implementing stages of the Work Choices policy. The policy was developed in 2007 under the watch of Kevin Rudd and Julia Gillard who were members of parliament belonging to the Labour Party that was then the Australian official opposition in Howard’s government. According to Rudd and Gillard (16), Work Choices failed to achieve fairness and flexibility at workplaces and it had resulted in the creation of imbalances in the workplaces for two years that it had been in existence. Howard’s government came under much criticism due to failure to deliver much of its promises that had initially adhered to efficiency, equity, and voice. For instance, under the Australian Workplace Agreements, many employees had lost penalties in cases where employers were found to have unlawfully dismissed them, it failed to emphasise on the payments of overtimes, shift allowances, and other awards that had been promised to the citizens before the introduction of the Work Choices. Forward and Fairness promised Australians that it would reverse the situation once the Labour Party ascended into power after the 2007 federal elections. Kevin Rudd and Julia Gillard put more emphasis on their ability to introduce fairer and more flexible policies in the Australian industrial relatio ns and a smooth transition from the Work Choices laws. Mr. Howard did not apply a smooth transition mechanism in his introduction for the Work Choices, but instead he did a rapid transition that resulted in the abolition of some labour institutions, thus giving rise to crises in the country’s labour sector. During the transition in 2006, many citizens lost their jobs as employers were afraid of retaining their contracts (Befort 11). The haste transition had adverse effects to the entire implementation process due to reaction from the opposition and the affected citizens. In addition, some employers got an opportunity to act unlawfully by dismissing contractual workers based on expired contracts and as a result, there were numerous disputes in the industrial courts, which overwhelmed the government. This scenario led to the dismissal of cases that lacked enough evidences and in most cases benefiting the unfaithful employers. Therefore, Rudd and Gillard had learnt from the mist akes of their counterparts and opted to apply a transition mechanism that would not allow for negative reaction from the employers, employees, and the public. In addition, the Work Choices also seemed to have created an imbalance between the employer and employees by inflexible pay arrangements. For instance, the pay arrangement did not specify the employees’ pay limit for eligibility, which exposed the employer to financial risks. Hence, they specified the upper limit of eligibility to be $100,000 and above, where employee earning less than that amount was eligible for the awarding system (Ryan 206). According to Cooper (289), after a successful ascension into power, Rudd and Gillard made a smooth transition that took more than twelve months. By 2009, there had been a great change in the manner in which industrial regulations were conducted in Australia. It is interesting to note that in the transition plan, they had considered the need for employers, who were bound to the o ld order of Australian Workplace Arrangement, to be given enough time to adapt to the new system before its complete abolition, which would be effected after twelve months. That period was necessary for both the employees and employers since it was enough to change the mentality and get prepared to comply with new regulations (Cooper 290). In addition, the Labour government under the leadership of Kevin Rudd assured the citizens of Australia that it would ensure that they have strong and fair safety net of balanced industrial relations and effective award protection. In addition, employees would not be in a position to get into working conditions that undermined the safety net, as had been the case in the Howard’s regime. He promised to ensure that collective enterprise bargaining would be his tool for attaining the desired flexibility between the employees and the employers (Baird, Hancock, and Isaac 89). In conclusion, it is evident that Forward with Fairness Policy was an improvement of the Work Choices. Upon the drafting of the Work Choices implementation plan in 2005, Australians were happy to have a promising future in relation to the improvement of the work place relations, but due to poor implementation strategy, this goal never materialised. Hence, judging the Work Choices by the nature of its appearance in the implementation plan, it was valid in the sense that it adhered to efficiency, equity, and voice. On the other hand, Forward with Fairness is a better policy than the Work Choices since it was founded with consideration to the mistakes that had been made in the implementation process of the former policy. Rudd and Gillard had noted that the failure of the Work Choices hinged on poor implementation strategy that did not consider the transition process needed for adaptation to the new industrial policies by both employers and employees. Hence, they adopted the title ‘Forward with Fairness’, and they achieved the desired results . Works Cited Baird, Marian, Keith Hancock, and Joel Isaac. Work and Employment Relations:  Ã‚  An Era of Change, Sydney: The Federation Press, 2011. Print. Befort, Stephen 2009, Invisible Hands, Invisible Objectives: Bringing Workplace  Law and Public Policy into Focus. PDF File. 26 Sep. 2013. www.ilera-directory.org/15thworldcongress/files/†¦/Thur_W4_BUDD.pdf. Cooper, Rae. â€Å"Forward Labour with Fairness? Industrial Relations under in 2008.†Ã‚  Journal of industrial relations 51.3 (2009): 285–296. Print. Kramp, Ole. Minimum Wage Legislation in Australia, Germany† GRIN Verlag, 2009. Print. Lye, Jenny, and Ian McDonald. â€Å"The Effectiveness of Incomes Policies, Enterprise Bargaining and Inflation Targeting in Australia.† Australian Economic Papers 43.1 (2007):21-38. Print. Rudd, Kelvin, and Julia Gillard 2007, Forward with Fairness Policy Implementation  Plan.PDF File. 26 Sep. 2013. www.airc.gov.au/kirbyarchives/2009exhibn /documents/07042 8FWF.pdf‎. Ryan, Mathew. â€Å"Workplace Relations Reform, Prosperity, and Fairness.† Australian  Economic Review 38.5 (2009): 201-210. Print. Watson, Ian. â€Å"Minimum Wages and Employment.† The Australian Economic Review  Ã‚  37.1 (2008):166-172. Print. Wooden, Mark. â€Å"Implications of Work Choices Legislation.† Agenda 13.2 (2006): 99- 116. Print. Wooden, Mark. â€Å"Industrial Relations Reform in Australia: Causes, Consequences and Prospects.† The Australian Economic Review 34.8 (2001): 243-262. Print. This research paper on Work Law Policies was written and submitted by user Raul S. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.